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6. Numerals

Cardinal numbers

Ones Ten and over 20 and over 30 and over
0 siro 10 (un) ten 20 du ten 30 tri ten
1 un 11 ten un 21 du ten un 31 tri ten un
2 du 12 ten du 22 du ten du 32 tri ten du
3 tri 13 ten tri 23 du ten tri 33 tri ten tri
4 for 14 ten for 24 du ten for 34 tri ten for
5 faif 15 ten faif 25 du ten faif 35 tri ten faif
6 sixe 16 ten sixe 26 du ten sixe 36 tri ten sixe
7 seven 17 ten seven 27 du ten seven 37 tri ten seven
8 eite 18 ten eite 28 du ten eite 38 tri ten eite
9 nain 19 ten nain 29 du ten nain 39 tri ten nain
Ones Tens Hundreds Thousands
1 un 10 (un) ten 100 un hunde 1000 un tauzen
2 du 20 du ten 200 du hunde 2000 du tauzen
3 tri 30 tri ten 300 tri hunde 3000 tri tauzen
4 for 40 for ten 400 for hunde 4000 for tauzen
5 faif 50 faif ten 500 faif hunde 5000 faif tauzen
6 sixe 60 sixe ten 600 sixe hunde 6000 sixe tauzen
7 seven 70 seven ten 700 seven hunde 7000 seven tauzen
8 eite 80 eite ten 800 eite hunde 8000 eite tauzen
9 nain 90 nain ten 900 nain hunde 9000 nain tauzen

Greater numbers follow the same logic as above.

10'000 un ten tauzen
100'000 un hunde tauzen
1'000'000 un milion
10'000'000 un ten milion
100'000'000 un hunde milion
1'000'000'000 un tauzen milion

Note: The words "billion" and "milliard" are not used in Pandunia because their meanings are different from country to country. Instead, one should say tauzen milion (thousand millions) or un giga.

The prefixes of the International System of Units (SI) are used in common language in Pandunia. It is normal to say, for example:
eite giga person bi live in Dunia.
– Eight billion (or milliard) people live on Earth.

Prefix Symbol Base 10 Decimal
deka da 10¹ 10
heto h 10² 100
kilo k 10³ 1'000
mega M 10⁶ 1'000'000
giga G 10⁹ 1'000'000'000
tera T 10¹² 1'000'000'000'000
peta P 10¹⁵ 1'000'000'000'000'000
exa E 10¹⁸ 1'000'000'000'000'000'000
zeta Z 10²¹ 1'000'000'000'000'000'000'000
yota Y 10²⁴ 1'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000

Cardinal number before noun

Quantity can be expressed with numerals and other quantity-words. They are put before the word or phrase that they qualify.

un sing – one star
du sing – two stars
tri sing – three stars
kam sing – few stars
meni sing – many stars

un dai kursi – one big chair
du dai kursi – two big chairs
tri dai kursi – three big chairs

Ordinal numbers

Ordinal numbers are similar to cardinal numbers but they are placed after the noun that they modify.

parte un – part one (the first part)
parte du – part two (the second part)
parte tri – part three (the third part)

Classifiers of measurement

The classifier of measurement or a measure word is a word that occurs between a numeral and a noun. It indicates how the referent of the noun is measured, contained or packaged. Classifiers of measurement is an open class of words, which includes, among many others, litre 'liter', metre 'meter', botle 'bottle', kupa 'cup, mug', pake 'package', pote 'pot', sake 'bag, sack', tin 'can, tin' tong 'cask, barrel'.

Measure words are used in this simple structure: number + measure word + se + noun.

du litre se jus – two liters of juice
tri metre se kable – three meters of wire
un kupa se kafe – a cup of cofee
du botle se vin – two bottles of wine
tri sake se patato – three sacks of potatoes
for tin se limon jus – four cans of lemonade

Fractions

Fractions are formed with the help of the word parte 'part'.

Fractions can be interpreted in two ways. Firstly, the word parte can be interpreted as a classifier of measurement. Then, for example, du parte tri is interpreted as 'two parts of three (parts)'. Secondly, the last numeral can be understood as an ordinal number that modifies parte. Then, for example, du parte tri is interpreted as 'two thirds'. Both interpretations lead to the same result that du parte tri stands for '2/3' in mathematical symbols.

un parte du – a half (½)
un parte for – one fourth, one quarter (¼)
tri parte for – three fourths, three quarters (¾)
un parte hunde – one hundredth, one percent (1%)
un parte tauzen – one thousandth, one permille (1‰)

Fractions are connected to their noun head with se.

un parte du se haur – a half (of an) hour
faif ten parte hunde se jen – fifty percent of people
du parte tri se keke – two thirds of a cake

In addition, there is also a longer pattern for forming fractions. It uses the pattern X of Y parte ('X of Y parts').

un of du parte – one of two parts, a half (½)
un of for parte – one of four parts, a quarter (¼)
tri of for parte – three of four parts, three quarters (¾)
un of hunde parte – one of hundred parts, a percent (1%)
un of tauzen parte – one of thousand parts, a permille (1‰)

Date

Days of the week

Days of the week are named after celestial bodies according to the historical international system and they include the word den ('day, 24 hours').

  1. lunaden – Monday
  2. marisden – Tuesday
  3. merkurden – Wednesday
  4. mushinden – Thursday
  5. zukraden – Friday
  6. shaniden – Saturday
  7. solden – Sunday

Months

Names of the months are made up of the number of the month and mes ('month') is used.

  1. mes un – January
  2. mes du – February
  3. mes tri – March
  4. mes for – April
  5. mes faif – May
  6. mes sixe – June
  7. mes seven – July
  8. mes eite – August
  9. mes nain – September
  10. mes ten – October
  11. mes ten un – November
  12. mes ten du – December

Date format

The date formats use the ordinal number after the noun pattern. The day, month and year ordered from the longest period of time to the shortest, i.e. day first and year last, or vice versa i.e. year first and day last. Month is always in the middle.

nen 2022 mes 9 den 17 ~ den 17 mes 9 nen 2002

There are also two short formats without the year.

mes 9 den 17 ~ den 17 mes 9

Time

The normal pattern for telling time is haur H e M, where H stands for hours and M stands for minutes. We always use this direct pattern, and we never use words like past and to in Pandunia.

haur tri – three o'clock
haur tri e siro – three o'clock sharp
haur tri e faif – three oh-five – or five past three
haur tri e ten – three ten – or ten past three
haur tri e ten faif – three fifteen – or quarter past three
haur tri e tri ten – three thirty – or half past three
haur tri e for ten faif – three forty-five – or quarter to four
haur tri e faif ten – three fifty – or ten to four
haur tri e faif ten faif – three-fifty-five – or five to four

The 24 hour clock

Normally we use the 24 hour clock to tell the time in Pandunia.

01:00 = haur un – one o'clock ~ one hundred hours
01:15 = haur un e ten faif – one fifteen ~ one hundred fifteen hours
01:30 = haur un e tri ten – one thirty ~ one hundred thirty hours
13:00 = haur ten tri – thirteen o'clock ~ thirteen hundred hours
13:15 = haur ten tri e ten faif – thirteen fifteen ~ thirteen hundred fifteen hours
13:30 = haur ten tri e tri ten – thirteen thirty ~ thirteen hundred thirty hours

The 12 hour clock

The 12 hour clock splits the day into two 12 hour sections. One lasts from midnight to noon and the second half lasts from noon to midnight. Hours before noon are called AM (pronounced ah-em), which comes from the phrase ante mide den, which means 'before midday'. Hours after noon are called PM (pronounced peh-em), which comes from the phrase pos mide den, which means 'after midday'.

Before midday we say:

🕐 = haur un AM – one AM
🕜 = haur un e tri ten AM – one thirty AM
🕔 = haur faif AM – five AM
🕙 = haur ten AM – ten AM

After midday we say:

🕐 = haur un PM – one PM
🕜 = haur un e tri ten PM – one thirty PM 🕔 = haur faif PM – five PM
🕙 = haur ten PM – ten PM